Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ru-Jen Cheng Title: TRAVEL PARTY COMPOSITION ON ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS AMONG CHINESE TOURISTS IN TAIWAN Abstract: This study investigated the influence of travel party composition on attitudes and behaviors among Chinese tourists in Taiwan. Based on tourism consumption system, 5 questions were proposed regarding tourists’ preferred information sources, planning times, length of stay, satisfaction, and revisits. The three major travel party compositions were traveling with friends, couples, and traveling with coworkers. The results suggested that travel party composition induced a number of substantial differences between travel parties, but that all travel parties exhibited critical similarities. This study provided empirical support for the Tourism Consumption System, and demonstrated the value of travel party composition analysis as a commonsense segmentation method in travel market research. Our findings provide insight into the burgeoning market for Chinese tourism in Taiwan Classification-JEL: D12, L83 Keywords: Travel Party Composition, Tourism Consumption System, Planning Time Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 1-12 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/IBF/gjbres/gjbr-v11n1-2017/gjbr-v11n1-2017-1.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:11:y:2017:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benedict E. DeDominicis Title: CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE AND BARGAINING LEVERAGE: A CLASSICAL REALIST CRITIQUE OF WHY SOUTH KOREA ADOPTED A CARBON CAP AND TRADE SYSTEM Abstract: South Korean diplomatic bargaining leverage is enhanced through South Korea acquiring global leadership positions in promoting sustainable development. Global governance trends in addressing the greenhouse gas emission causes of climate change create opportunities for South Korea to benefit in terms of its power capabilities. They include diplomatic bargaining leverage deriving from South Korean representatives’ high profile in supporting global multilateral treaty initiatives and their implementation organizations. South Korea benefits diplomatically from increasing global awareness of political economic interdependence for national sustainable development. Competition for influence by the United States and China in the post-Cold War international environment includes vying for leadership in global sustainable development initiatives. South Korea’s geographic and institutional location at a nexus where US and Chinese focus their competition creates greater opportunities as well as dangers. South Korea aims to direct their competition into global sustainable development promotion with South Korea a leading proponent of these initiatives. As a lesser power, South Korea must accommodate this competition, while seeking to mitigate it to avoid regional and global interdependence from being undermined. This diplomatic bargaining leverage focus facilitates elaboration of the concepts of modernization, networking, hedging and soft-balancing in response to the rise of China Classification-JEL: F1, F5, F6, Q5 Keywords: Climate Change, China, Korea Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 13-34 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/IBF/gjbres/gjbr-v11n1-2017/gjbr-v11n1-2017-2.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:11:y:2017:i:1:p:13-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karla Saraí Basurto Gutierrez Author-Name: Karla Liliana Haro-Zea Author-Name: Veronica Hernandez López Title: MANAGER'S PERCEPTION ABOUT INNOVATION WITHIN THE SMES IN MONTEMORELOS, NUEVO LEON, MEXICO Abstract: This research studies the perception of innovation by managers of small and medium enterprises in Montemorelos, Nuevo León. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the engine that drives the economy in Mexico and play a fundamental role in the creation of new sources of income. Therefore, research regarding SME.s is important. Montemorelos is a municipality of Nuevo León that depends economically on SMEs. As several authors have mentioned, one of the success factors of SMEs is innovation. In this research we examine the perception of the administrator regarding innovation. We analyze our results based on gender, type of company and level of education. It is quantitative, descriptive, cross-transversal research. Sample selection was done using the convenience method to meet certain criteria. Some 80 SME managers were surveyed in their areas of work. For the data collection, an instrument was used to measure self-perceived innovation by the managers. The instrument consisted 15 items with a scale of 1 to 7 and a reliability of .919 alpha of Cronbach. The study showed no difference in the perception of innovation based on gender, type of business and level of education. It was also found that most Small Business Managers (SMBs) consider the complaints and suggestions of their customers to improve their product or service Classification-JEL: M13, M16, M19 Keywords: Strategy, Innovation, Small and Medium Enterprise (SMES) Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 35-44 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/IBF/gjbres/gjbr-v11n1-2017/gjbr-v11n1-2017-3.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:11:y:2017:i:1:p:35-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alawiya Allui Author-Name: Kamilah Kamaludin Title: CAREER ADVANCEMENT AND CHALLENGES OF SAUDI WOMEN GRADUATES Abstract: This paper reports on the views that woman graduates have about their career prospects, and the expectations and challenges they experience between their work and personal lives. The purpose of this paper is to address the research gap on Saudi women graduates and to demonstrate how gender, work, and family factors influence the career advancement of these graduates. In order to explore and describe these factors a structured survey was conducted using a random sample from a database of the Alumni of one private university in Saudi. By exploring and describing the destination of female graduate leavers and understanding the reason for women’s (un)employment, we aimed to unfold the underlying challenges, constraints and barriers for Saudi women to enter the workforce Classification-JEL: M0 Keywords: Career Development, Culture, Work, Family Life, Gender, Saudi Arabia Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 45-59 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/IBF/gjbres/gjbr-v11n1-2017/gjbr-v11n1-2017-4.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:11:y:2017:i:1:p:45-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Walid Masadeh Author-Name: Ebrahim Mansour Author-Name: Wasfi AL Salamat Title: CHANGES IN IFRS 3 ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS COMBINATIONS: A FEEDBACK AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS Abstract: This research reviews the effect of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) 3 with a focus on the changes in accounting procedures under business combinations. A content analysis research methodology was used to code and categories feedback data on the effects of IFRS as positive and negative. Results indicated that IFRS is considered successful by 71% of its users and unsuccessful by 29% of its users. IFRS success is credited to the enhancement of comparability of accounting information and streamlining of acquisition methods and goodwill under business combinations. Contrarily, IFRS is considered unsuccessful, because it is riddled with negative consequences, such as rising costs of compliance and preparation, especially in developing and less industrialized nations. We conclude that comparability of accounting information on an international scale is the most positive effect of IFRS 3, while increasing cost of compliance is the greatest negative effect of IFRS 3. We suggest that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and other bodies involved in setting global accounting standards should focus on finding ways to incentivize developing countries and companies to comply with the standards. We recommend further studies on ways to assist companies to reduce preparation costs resulting from IFRS changes Classification-JEL: M16 Keywords: Business Combinations, Acquisition, Goodwill Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 61-70 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/IBF/gjbres/gjbr-v11n1-2017/gjbr-v11n1-2017-5.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:11:y:2017:i:1:p:61-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rishma Vedd Author-Name: David Liu Title: THE EFFECT OF CULTURAL INTEGRATION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE POST-MERGER Abstract: This research study examined the effects of combining unlike corporate cultures. We analyzed both successful and unsuccessful mergers measured by post-merger performance indicators for the year before and after the merger. Our null hypothesis states that the success or failure of organizations in combining their respective corporate cultures is directly proportional to their financial performance, measured by the aforementioned indicators of Stock Price, Net Income, and Earnings per Share both before and after the merger. Our alternative hypothesis states that there is an inversely proportional relationship for financial performance after a merger. The results conclude that the probability of an improvement or decline of financial performance after a merger is 0.5 depending on the success or failure in combining corporate cultures. The study shows that five subjects accepted the null hypothesis, two subjects accepted the alternative, and three subjects rejected both the null hypotheses and the alternative hypotheses. Classification-JEL: F0, G0 Keywords: Corporate Culture; Merger; Post-Merger Performance Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 71-84 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/IBF/gjbres/gjbr-v11n1-2017/gjbr-v11n1-2017-6.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:11:y:2017:i:1:p:71-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Lennon Author-Name: Daniel Folkinshteyn Title: FROM BIT VALLEY TO BITCOIN: THE NASDAQ ODYSSEY Abstract: Over the past 15 years, NASDAQ, the world’s first all-electronic stock exchange, has actively engaged in efforts to serve the global digital economy by expanding its reach beyond its original domestic U.S. market. They have attempted to create a global 24/7 trading platform, to serve customers in the U.S., Japan, and Europe. These efforts have met with varying degrees of success. More recently, the renamed NASDAQ OMX Group has been experimenting with the disruptive fintech (financial technology) Bitcoin and its underlying technology blockchain to develop robust trading solutions, which drastically reduce transaction and record keeping costs. In this paper we analyze the various approaches taken by NASDAQ in its expansion ventures. We describe the similarities and differences in these undertakings, in order to identify successful strategies for firms who desire to increase the quality of their products while increasing efficiency and reducing the costs of their services. Drawing upon the strategy literature, we also develop theoretical models on how markets operate, and derive a series of propositions about the interplay between technology and markets. Classification-JEL: M16, F23 Keywords: Bitcoin, Blockchain, NASDAQ, Stock Exchanges, Markets, Disruption Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 85-103 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/IBF/gjbres/gjbr-v11n1-2017/gjbr-v11n1-2017-7.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:11:y:2017:i:1:p:85-103