Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirna Indriani Author-Name: Nadirsyah Title: INTERACTION EFFECT OF BUDGETARY PARTICIPATION AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ON MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA Abstract: This study examines the examine effect of interaction budgetary participaton(BP) and the characteristics of management accounting systems (MAS) including scope (BMAS), timeliness (TMAS), angregation (AMAS) and integration (IMAS) on managerial performance (MP). The study used a survey questionnaire and was sent to leaders of the Regional Work Unit in Banda Aceh. A moderate regression model is used to examined the interaction effect among BP, the characteristics of each MAS and MP. The results showed the interaction between BP and BMAS is negatively related to MP. The interaction between BP and IMAS is positively related to MP. This study shows an interaction between BP and TMAS; BP and AMAS on MP. We explore implications on the development of management accounting theory in that the control system developed at private organization can not be generalized entirely tp government organizations Classification-JEL: H6, H7 Keywords: Budgetary Participation, Management Accounting Systems, and Managerial Performance Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 1-13 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-1.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lee-Wen Yang Author-Name: Yi-Fang Yang Author-Name: Wun-Hnog Su Title: SALARY GAP AND OPERATING PERFORMANCE: PERSPECTIVE OF TOURNAMENT THEORY Abstract: According to the tournament theory, different hierarchies are paid different salaries. The salary gap between different hierarchies can motivate employees. The empirical data are from the 2005-2009 Survey Report of Audit Firms in Taiwan and published by the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC). The hierarchy in audit firms is divided into certificate accountant, officer, assistant officer, and assistant. This study investigates the relationship between the salary gap in different hierarchies in the workplace and the operating performance of audit firms in Taiwan. The empirical results are consistent with the tournament theory and show that the salary differences in different hierarchies are statistically and positively related to the operating performance. The salary gap increases with the rise of hierarchies in audit firms. Employees in audit firms obtain promotion opportunities by continuously competing with coworkers. Accordingly, the association between operating performance and salary difference between certificate accountants and officers is the greatest. The salary gap increases with each level of the hierarchy along with promotion incentives for employees Classification-JEL: M42 Keywords: Salary Gap, Tournament Theory, Operating Performance, Audit Firms Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 15-26 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-2.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:15-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabian A. Baapogmah Author-Name: Roger W. Mayer Author-Name: Wen-Wen Chien Author-Name: Abolasade Afolabi Title: CONTROL MECHANISMS AND ACCOUNTABILITY CHALLENGES IN NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Abstract: Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) face numerous challenges in maintaining accountability. The lack of financial accountability creates risks in goal achievement. An environment of accountability positively contributes to the effectiveness and efficiency of operations. We interviewed 22 participants from 6 NPOs in the State of Delaware in our qualitative phenomenological study. We identified themes defining accountability, control mechanisms, and ethics. The greatest challenges affecting control mechanisms include expenditures controls and transparency. The results suggest that while most managers have a high awareness of controls and accountability, smaller NPOs struggle because they lack sufficient resources. The study adds to the understanding of best practices, which could benefit communities in which NPOs operate and encourage accountability to beneficiaries and other stakeholders Classification-JEL: M10, M40 Keywords: Nonprofit, Accountability, Control Mechanism, Transparency, Ethics Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 27-38 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-3.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:27-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jon K. Webber Author-Name: Elliot Ser Author-Name: Gregory W. Goussak Title: WORK HABITS AS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INFLUENCE ON WORKPLACE PRODUCTIVITY Abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure senior level executive perception of what encompasses successful workplace productivity in 21st century organizations. This qualitative study involved 42 senior level executives from 14 different industries and institutional groupings who represented Western organizations. The authors collected data from August 2013 to April 2014. Over 76% of the participants had over 10 years’ experience in their professional field. These senior level executives indicated that a number of different categories such as Attitude, Ethics, Initiative, Interpersonal Skills, Personal Development, Teams, Leadership, Time Management, Focus, Rules and Solutions were either positive or negative workplace habits affecting productivity. The majority of executives cited Attitude as the most positive workplace habit affecting productivity and Unaccountability and Carelessness as the most negative workplace habits affecting productivity. The authors’ findings offer insights into ways that senior leaders can adjust their hiring and training strategies so positive workplace habits are enabled and negative ones are contained and minimalized so greater productivity can be engaged in the workplace. We offer directions for future research in the subject area and point to areas for possible training consideration Classification-JEL: M12, M51, M53, M54 Keywords: Workplace Productivity; Workplace Habits; Strategic HRM Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 39-48 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-4.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:39-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Hakan Berument Author-Name: Zulal S. Denaux Author-Name: Yeliz Yalcin Title: THE INCONSISTENT RESPONSE OF TURKISH EXPORT DEMAND TO REAL EXCHANGE RATE SHOCKS Abstract: In this study, we examine the responsiveness of exports to the real exchange rate shocks for different countries. Employing a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) methodology, the effects of different real exchange rate shocks on the Turkish export demand is examined by using quarterly data from the Turkey’s 15 major trade partners. The study finds that the depreciation of the aggregate real exchange rate affected the Turkish export demand positively and significantly for three quarters. After accounting for the effect of the aggregate real exchange rate, this study empirically shows that the responses of Turkish exports to individual bilateral real exchange rate shocks are not uniform across countries Classification-JEL: F17, F31 Keywords: Turkish Exports, Foreign Exchange, Vector Autoregressive Method Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 49-56 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-5.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:49-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samuel K. Afrane Author-Name: Michael Adusei Author-Name: Bernard Adjei-Poku Title: ESTIMATING THE EFFECTIVE COST OF BORROWING TO MICROCREDIT CLIENTS IN GHANA Abstract: This study estimates the effective cost of borrowing to microcredit clients in Ghana. A simple open-ended questionnaire is administered to 35 microfinance institutions. The study finds that the major costs of borrowing are interest rates and processing fees. The study also finds that the minor costs of borrowing are registration fees, commitment fees, insurance and compulsory savings. In terms of effective cost of borrowing, the study finds that microcredit customers effectively pay at least 8.0 percent interest rate in excess of the stated interest rate Classification-JEL: E43, E51 Keywords: Effective Cost, Microcredit, Ghana Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 57-66 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-6.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:57-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maury R. Randall Author-Name: David Y. Suk Title: SOVEREIGN DEBT, AGING POPULATIONS, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OECD AND LESS DEVELOPED NATIONS Abstract: This paper examines whether there is any linkage between high levels of sovereign debt and the size of the elderly population. It is primarily a descriptive study which utilizes simple correlations and regressions. One might expect, based on precepts of prudent management of finances, that nations with large populations of elderly would have lower sovereign debt relative to GDP. However, our results show that the opposite appears to be more prevalent among OECD nations. We find a positive and significant correlation between the percentage of people 65 and older and the sovereign debt/GDP ratio. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship among non-OECD countries which are generally less developed. We then analyze whether economic performance among countries is related to sovereign debt levels and measures of the elderly population. We find that economic growth tends to be lower in nations with a higher percentage of elderly. This statistically significant correlation applies to both OECD and non-OECD countries. A negative relationship also applied to sovereign debt burdens and economic growth. However, that negative correlation was significant only with the OECD nations Classification-JEL: H63, J10 Keywords: Sovereign Debt, Aging, Economic Growth Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 67-74 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-7.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:67-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chin-Hung Liu Title: THE IMPACT ON SWITCHING INTENTION OF ETRADING SYSTEMS FOR THE SECURITIES INDUSTRY Abstract: It is an important issue focused on how to improve e-service quality to gain competitive advantage among diverse securities industries. The investors have the positive perceived value, e-satisfaction and e-trust through the improvement of e-service quality for online trading systems to create an unique online service environment of the securities industry in order to reduce switching intentions of them. This study explored the impacts among e-service quality, perceived value, e-satisfaction and e-trust, and switching intention in Internet trading systems of the securities industry. The object of this study was online traders who had used Internet trading systems of the securities industry in Taiwan. The collected data were analyzed by using statistical methods. The findings of this study indicate that there were significantly positive correlations among e-service quality, perceived value, e-satisfaction and e-trust, and all of which had a negative correlation with switching intention; e-service quality had a significantly positive and direct impact on perceived value and e-satisfaction, but there was no significantly positive impact on e-trust. E-service quality affected switching intention through two intervening variables as perceived value and e-satisfaction. These results also can provide insights into the effect on switching intention and thus offer improvable and strategic suggestions for the securities industry to provide better e-trading systems to the investors Classification-JEL: M1, M15 Keywords: E-service Quality, Perceived Value, E-satisfaction, E-trust, Switching Intention Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 75-88 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-8.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:75-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorothy A. Henry Author-Name: Ernesto Escobedo Title: THE EFFECTS OF CERTIFIED NURSE ASSISTANTS’ SOCIALIZATION, ONBOARDING AND TURNOVER Abstract: This study investigates certified nurse assistants’ perceived belongingness, attachment to their organizations, and intentions to leave their jobs. The theoretical foundation is Tajfel and Turner’s social identity theory. Public policy guiding this study is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Using a cross-sectional design, we found affective commitment to the organization partially mediated the relationship between organizational identification and turnover intentions. This finding is consistent with prior studies investing the antecedents of commitments to the organization. Data were collected from a random sample of 117 certified nurse assistants’ who worked in nursing homes in a Midwest state and who completed a demographic questionnaire and six behavior and attitudinal questionnaires. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. We recommend employers develop a formal process to train and retrain certified nurse assistants, and establish formal workgroups to enhance relationships and decrease job turnover. The implications for social change include using this analysis to inform employers and policymakers about strategies to train and stabilize the certified nurse assistant workforce for the benefit of nursing home residents, employees and employers Classification-JEL: H5, I110 Keywords: Policy, Policy Making, Caregiving, Health Care, Health Professional, Healthcare, Nurse Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 89-96 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-9.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:89-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amod Choudhary Title: SECOND TIME IS A CHARM? REHIRING THE EX-CEO Abstract: There have been many Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of public companies who have come back to lead the firm they once gloriously lead. Since 2005, among S&P 100 companies in the U.S., there have been six CEOs who have returned as CEOs at the same company, with Steve Jobs of Apple being an exemplary 2nd term CEO. This paper analyzes whether these two term CEOs have been successful in their second tour of duty based on changes in share price of their companies during their second tour. The data shows that overall; there is no clear pattern in terms of better performance for second term CEOs. Although the analysis of share prices shows that 2nd term CEOs outperform the CEOs they replace by a wide margin, that number is very highly skewed by astronomical success of Steve Jobs at Apple. Additionally, the analysis of this paper shows that with the exception of two returning CEOs all others were either founders or member of the Board of Directors. Finally, this paper briefly discusses measuring performance of CEOs using Environmental, Sustainability and Corporate Governance matrices Classification-JEL: M1, G1 Keywords: Stock Performance, S&P 500, 2nd term CEOs, ESG Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 97-104 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n1-2015/GJBR-V9N1-2015-10.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:97-104