Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Weaver Title: METAPHORS IMPACT DAILY DECISIONS BY MANAGERS AND LEADERS Abstract: In a world filled with complexities, people have turned to metaphors to provide a meaningful way to comprehend and communicate what they experience. In recent business literature, metaphors are used to describe organizations, and even guide the diagnosis of problems, because of their power to draw attention particular aspects of real situations. Extensive literature exists promoting various metaphors in this role or reviewing the efficacy of their use. What has not been explored is whether people in organizations also use metaphors, often without conscious thought, in ways that influence their decisions. The assumption here is that metaphors operate like powerful paradigms that have associated values, beliefs, language, and actions. This research explores the following questions: Can metaphors and associated paradigms be identified? Can preferences for particular metaphors be measured using preferences for particular sets of values, beliefs, language and actions? In a sample of 176 students, the researcher was able to provide an answer of yes to both of the questions. People do have preferences for particular metaphors, even if they have not named them. Those preferences, through the associated values, beliefs, and actions, impact the practical decisions that are made in organizations Classification-JEL: M100 Keywords: Business Administration, Management, Metaphors, Decision-Making Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 1-16 Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n4-2015/GJBR-V9N4-2015-1.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:4:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rahim Quazi Author-Name: Arshad Alam Author-Name: Sudhir Tandon Title: IMPACT OF FOREIGN AID ON CORRUPTION: AN ECONOMETRIC CASE STUDY OF SOUTH ASIA AND EAST ASIA Abstract: An interesting area of research has emerged that explores the relationship between foreign aid and corruption in developing countries. Several studies have found that corruption is festered by rent seeking activities in the recipient countries when aid-funded resources are transferred without accountability at the decision makers’ discretion. On the other hand, several studies have concluded that foreign aid helps curb corruption by improving the quality of governance. This study uses 1996-2013 annual data from 14 developing countries in South Asia and East Asia to analyze the impact of aid on corruption. Results estimated in this study suggest that foreign aid has helped lower corruption in the sample countries and the impact of multilateral aid on curbing corruption is stronger than that of bilateral aid. In addition, rule of law, political stability and accountability are found to be strong deterrents of corruption. These results improve our understanding of the aid-corruption dynamics, which is critical for designing strategies to promote long-term economic efficiency in developing countries Classification-JEL: F35, D73 Keywords: Foreign Aid, Corruption, South Asia, East Asia Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 17-30 Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n4-2015/GJBR-V9N4-2015-2.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:4:p:17-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iman Seoudi Title: PUBLIC POLICY FOR VENTURE CAPITAL: AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK Abstract: This paper reviews the main theoretical and empirical literature on public policy that supports the development and growth of vibrant venture capital industries worldwide. The paper focuses on the content and results of public policy mechanisms adopted in various countries, their theoretical grounding and main empirical findings, with an eye to distilling the main patterns of success and failure. Five broad areas of public policy intervention that tackle both demand and supply sides of the venture capital industry are reviewed: (1) the development of an entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem; (2) investment laws and regulations; (3) fiscal policy; (4) secondary stock market; and (5) government venture capital. The paper concludes with a public policy framework distilled from the literature. This work will help academics, practitioners and policy makers, especially those new to the field, to get a comprehensive yet concise map of the academic literature on the topic, which currently is much needed. It also helps readers in identifying the main research questions and empirical results to date Classification-JEL: K2, O17, O250 Keywords: Venture Capital, Public Policy, Entrepreneurship Policy, Entrepreneurial Finance, Financing Innovation Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 31-51 Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n4-2015/GJBR-V9N4-2015-3.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:4:p:31-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lynda S. Livingston Author-Name: Samantha A. Anders Author-Name: Hiroki Tokuyama Title: VIABILITY OF A PEER-TO-PEER LOAN MARKET FOR STUDENTS AND THE UNDERBANKED Abstract: It is difficult to achieve financial stability without access to traditional banking services. Unbanked and underbanked groups therefore face significant financial hurdles, making them targets for predatory fringe lenders. In this paper, we present the results of a credit survey given to college students and lowincome residents of Tacoma, Washington. Our first goal with this survey was to characterize credit use and access among these groups. Given that information, we then could assess the feasibility of developing a viable peer-to-peer (P2P) platform for them that would be a consumer-friendly alternative to fringe lending. We find that there is a need for small-dollar financial assistance, even within our relatively affluent student sample. We discuss the possibility of creating a student P2P market to help them, working through Four Horsemen Investments, a student-run 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Developing such a market on a small scale would be a precursor to expanding it to the local community, where it could help at-risk, low-income families Classification-JEL: G21, G23, G10 Keywords: Peer-to-Peer Lending, Payday Loans, Fringe Credit Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 53-66 Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n4-2015/GJBR-V9N4-2015-4.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:4:p:53-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shu-Hsun Ho Author-Name: Yu-Ling Lin Author-Name: Robert Carlson Patrick Title: PARTICIPANT MOTIVATIONS IN A SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNITY PAGE Abstract: Recently there has been explosive growth in both the global reach and easy access to online social media content. However, people’s motivations for using social media vary considerably from individual to individual. Attempting to gain a greater understanding of what motivates people to use social media is of interest to content providers and administrators of social media platforms such as online community pages, who wish to appeal to their current members and attract a wider audience. Means-end theory explores the abstract relationship between a product’s attributes, the consequences or benefits gained from that product, and personal values guiding individuals to use a particular product. This exploratory study uses softladdering interviews and a hard-laddering survey method to create means-end chains and a subsequent Hierarchical Value Map. We use this information to illustrate the shared values of a sample of group members of an online community page. The results of the study were used to understand individual’s motivations for joining the page. The study concludes with practical suggestions for marketing the community page to appeal to the current member’s shared values. We believe this approach will create a wider and more loyal group to the page Classification-JEL: Y90 Keywords: Means-end Analysis, Social Media, Hierarchical Value Map, Laddering Theory, Marketing Strategy Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 67-75 Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n4-2015/GJBR-V9N4-2015-5.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:4:p:67-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Géczy Title: DATA ECONOMY DIMENSIONS Abstract: Data is the ‘new oil’. Data has been widely regarded as the main innovation driver in information technology and several other segments of developed economies. Inherent value of data has a significant transformational power. Realization of value of data drives the rapidly expanding data-driven technology sector. Data is among the most prized assets of not only data-oriented technology companies but also governments and individuals. Data plays a central role in a growing spectrum of economic activities. Data economy has manifested its effects along a number of dimensions―particularly, trade, labor, education and government. However, to realize the full potential of data and manage its transformational power, it is necessary to understand the value of data, its influential spectrum, and enablers facilitating social and economic benefits. Despite the growing importance of data economy, there is a considerable lack of studies encompassing the associated range data oriented economic activities and their analysis. This work examines the dimensions of contemporary data economy and presents a pertinent encompassing perspective Classification-JEL: A10, E24, E66, F23, J21, J26, J31, K10, M15, M51, O11, O14, O15, O33, O38. Keywords: Data Economy, Trade, Labor, Education, Government, Data-Driven Innovation, Data Science, Data Engineering, Data Products, Data Protection, Privacy, Big Data, Data Management Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 77-89 Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n4-2015/GJBR-V9N4-2015-6.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:4:p:77-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andree Swanson Author-Name: Diane Hamilton Author-Name: Paula Zobisch Title: ESTABLISHING BEST PRACTICES FOR INCLUDING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN REAL ESTATE PROFESSIONALS Abstract: Competency in emotional intelligence, whether learned and/or improved, is an important skill for those in the field of real estate sales. Evidence from studies in the area of real estate and in the general area of sales have indicated that a correlation exists with individuals who have high emotional intelligence and improved sales performance. A thorough literature review and the delivery of an online survey taken by 31 real estate professionals was conducted. From this research, Swanson, Hamilton, and Zobisch created a list of best practices for incorporating emotional intelligence into the field of real estate professionals Classification-JEL: Z00 Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Personality, Sales, Real Estate Professionals, Realtor™ Journal: Global Journal of Business Research Pages: 91-97 Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/gjbres/gjbr-v9n4-2015/GJBR-V9N4-2015-7.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:gjbres:v:9:y:2015:i:4:p:91-97