Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin P. Gwinner Author-Name: Brian V. Larson Author-Name: Scott R. Swanson Title: IMAGE TRANSFER IN CORPORATE EVENT SPONSORSHIP: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TEAM IDENTIFICATION AND EVENT-SPONSOR FIT Abstract: Prior research has suggested and found evidence for an event’s image being transferred to a brand because of sponsorship activity. This study builds on prior work by examining how the image transfer process is impacted by spectators’ level of identification and the degree to which the sponsor and event are perceived to be logically connected (event-sponsor fit). Further, the impact of image transfer on sponsorship related behavioral intentions is assessed. Using two contexts and nine different sponsors our results indicate that high levels of identification and a logical event-brand fit serve to increase image transfer perceptions. Image transfer is also found to predict intentions to purchase from event sponsors. Managerial implications and directions for future research are discussed. Classification-JEL: M31, M37 Keywords: Image transfer, event-sponsor fit, transfer perceptions, identification, team identification. Journal: International Journal of Management and Marketing Research Pages: 1-15 Volume:2 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijmmre/ijmmr-v2n1-2009/IJMMR-V2N1-2009-1.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijmmre:v:2:y:2009:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hui-Chu Chen Author-Name: Robert D. Green Title: MARKETING MIX AND BRANDING: COMPETITIVE HYPERMARKET STRATEGIES Abstract: Super-centers and hypermarkets are increasing in the retail markets. To determine customer-based brand equity (CBBE), a proportionate market share and a gender-balance hypermarket shopper sample was collected. Using t-Tests for gender to the marketing mix and CBBE, female shoppers consistently have higher mean scores. However, only distribution intensity, brand association and total brand equity were significantly higher than males. But men feel that their hypermarkets were higher priced than women were. Retail marketing mix elements and CBBE dimensions were further analyzed for similarities between genders. As well, each hypermarket results are presented. This study concludes with the marketing implications, study limitations and future research opportunities. Classification-JEL: M31 Keywords: Customer-based brand equity, marketing mix, market share Journal: International Journal of Management and Marketing Research Pages: 17-34 Volume:2 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijmmre/ijmmr-v2n1-2009/IJMMR-V2N1-2009-2.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijmmre:v:2:y:2009:i:1:p:17-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cameron Montgomery Author-Name: George Stone Title: REVISITING CONSUMER ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: A FIVE NATION CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF CONSUMER ECOLOGICAL OPINIONS AND BEHAVIORS Abstract: Cross-cultural marketing of consumer products and services has become an integral part of the mainstream strategic thinking of multinational consumer products firms. These firms must increasingly address ecological concerns of the individuals comprising the various global market segments where these products will be marketed. Green Marketing has thus become a hot topic for both producers and consumers across cultures. This study investigates how consumers across cultures feel about the environment, whether it makes sense to stress green marketing to consumers in other cultures if they are not environmentally sensitive, and whether there are rudimentary differences in ecological attitudes based on cultural origins. The paper compares consumer attitudes toward the environment to determine whether major differences do exist among cultures. Sample data of 459 consumers was gathered from five countries (Azerbaijan, Italy, Spain, the United States and Venezuela) and was analyzed. Factor analysis was performed to indicate dimensions of environmental responsibility. ANOVA was used to see if differences exist between cultures with regard to the various dimensions. Environmental responsibility is characterized by awareness of environmental problems, knowledge of remedial alternatives best suited to alleviate those problems, skills needed to pursue those actions, and a possession of a genuine desire to act. Classification-JEL: M31 Keywords: Environmental responsibility, cross-cultural marketing, green marketing Journal: International Journal of Management and Marketing Research Pages: 35-58 Volume:2 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijmmre/ijmmr-v2n1-2009/IJMMR-V2N1-2009-3.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijmmre:v:2:y:2009:i:1:p:35-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Candace Blayney Title: MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES:ARE THEY RELATED TO HOTEL PERFORMANCE? Abstract: This research identified the capabilities used by Canadian hotel general managers during a time of economic stress and examines the relationships between capabilities and hotel performance. The instrument used in this study was the New Zealand Management Capability Index (NZIMCI) and contains eight drivers and a performance measurement. Financial management was identified as the most practiced capability. This finding coincides with other studies and agrees with the results obtained from New Zealand managers. A multiple regression analysis found two drivers within the NZIMCI were significant for hotel performance and were performance leadership and organization capability. However, these two drivers only scored as number three and five respectively out of the total of eight. Financial management, though rated as the highest, was not significant. This disconnect requires further investigation to determine which capabilities have the greatest impact on performance and how managers can prepare themselves for further stressful economic conditions Classification-JEL: M10, M12, M50 Keywords: Competencies, hotel performance, tourism, performance measurement Journal: International Journal of Management and Marketing Research Pages: 59-71 Volume:2 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijmmre/ijmmr-v2n1-2009/IJMMR-V2N1-2009-4.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijmmre:v:2:y:2009:i:1:p:59-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nina Helander Author-Name: Marianne Kukko Title: A VALUE-CREATING NETWORK ANALYSIS FROM SOFTWARE BUSINESS Abstract: Increasing global competition is a driving force pushing toward a networked way of doing business, as companies are forced to search for efficiency through co-operation with other companies. The underlying question is how well the companies combine and co-ordinate their value activities with other companies in order to together create an entity that is able to produce value for the end customer. These kinds of entities – namely, value-creating networks – are the focus of the present study. We explore value-creating networks empirically in a specific, dynamic industry setting. Software business is chosen as the empirical context as it represents a dynamic and contemporary industry. The paper presents an empirical research of a focal net consisted of three types of actors: a focal company building complex software systems to its industrial customers; the focal company’s suppliers; and the focal company’s customers. The research is carried out as a single-case study. In gathering and analyzing the empirical data qualitative research methods are followed. The empirical findings are reversed to theoretical debate on networks, and as an outcome of the study an empirically-grounded model for value-creating network analysis is presented. Additionally, the paper contributes to literature by increasing our understanding of software business characteristics from network point of view Classification-JEL: M1 Keywords: Value creating, business networking, software business characteristics Journal: International Journal of Management and Marketing Research Pages: 73-88 Volume:2 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijmmre/ijmmr-v2n1-2009/IJMMR-V2N1-2009-5.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijmmre:v:2:y:2009:i:1:p:73-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Visvanathan Naicker Author-Name: Rubin Pillay Title: ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: LESSONS FROM SOUTH AFRICA Abstract: Electronic Data Interchange plays an important role in improving organizational competitiveness. This research uses empirical evidence to evaluate the state of EDI and the willingness of SMEs to connect electronically to a large distribution centre in South Africa. Practitioners of EDI are aware of the necessity for high penetration levels to make EDI successful. Furthermore, it investigates the EDI adoption rate from the viewpoint of a small business. However, penetration might be hindered by the refusal of small firms to accept EDI. Based on prior research this model incorporates four factors that are hypothesized to have an influence on EDI Adoption. This survey was concerned about four potential strategies for achieving business objectives namely: organizational readiness, external pressure, perceived benefits and security. Data was collected from 105 firms who responded to an e-mail survey. The findings reveal that external pressure was the strongest positive factor associated with the intent to adopt EDI. No support was found for security. In addition, it suggests that there is a general need for more managerial support as well as compatibility with systems among small firms. Finally, these findings add support to the importance of diffusion of Innovation theories, Interorganizational Systems and Technology Acceptance Models Classification-JEL: M15 Keywords: Electronic data interchange, Inter-organizational systems, diffusion, security Journal: International Journal of Management and Marketing Research Pages: 89-101 Volume:2 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijmmre/ijmmr-v2n1-2009/IJMMR-V2N1-2009-6.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijmmre:v:2:y:2009:i:1:p:89-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Kashif Ejaz Author-Name: Syed Atif Ejaz Author-Name: Dr. Kashif Ur Rehman Author-Name: Arshad Zaheer Title: EVALUATING EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF MANAGERS IN DAY-TO-DAY WORK OF BANKING SECTOR IN PAKISTAN Abstract: The objective of this study is to identify and evaluate the effective leadership qualities in day-to-day working environment of banking sector in Pakistan. This study further enlightens its impact over the success factor in banks providing them an edge over competitors. Primary and secondary researches were two methods to gather an up to date data. Questionnaires and interviews from a random sample of 93 respondents provided the most relevant data. This study reveals that effective leadership qualities are the most critical differential factor in generating revenues for banks, in retaining and motivating employees and satisfying customers through high quality service standards thereby nurturing an effective and efficient day-to-day working environment in high contact service industries like banks. This result is also consistent with the literature that the managers are supposed to put more focus not only towards the tasks but also towards the people. This study further indicates that some of the leadership dimensions vary with respect to gender, experience, qualification and designation of managers. Classification-JEL: M10 Keywords: Leadership, leadership dimensions, Banking Pakistan Journal: International Journal of Management and Marketing Research Pages: 103-111 Volume:2 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijmmre/ijmmr-v2n1-2009/IJMMR-V2N1-2009-7.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijmmre:v:2:y:2009:i:1:p:103-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Todd Royle Author-Name: Gavin Fox Author-Name: Wayne A. Hochwarter Title: THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SELECT SITUATIONAL AND DISPOSITIONAL CONSTRUCTS AND INFORMAL ACCOUNTABILITY FOR OTHERS Abstract: This paper further enhances the field’s understanding of informal accountability for others (IAFO) by examining both its antecedents and some possible mediating and moderating conditions. In this paper, we test a model wherein employees’ value congruence and position (embeddedness), as well as their senses of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), predicts IAFO. In addition, and consistent with existing literature on accountability, we examine the degree to which control (defined here in terms of self-regulation) influences individuals’ senses of whether or not they feel accountable for the attitudes and behaviors of others in their organizations. Our results indicate that a partially mediated condition exists between embeddedness, organization-based self-esteem and IAFO. Furthermore, our results identify a statistically significant moderating effect for control on the OBSE - IAFO relationship. Classification-JEL: M14 Keywords: Informal accountability for other, embeddedness, organization-based self-esteem. Journal: International Journal of Management and Marketing Research Pages: 113-133 Volume:2 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijmmre/ijmmr-v2n1-2009/IJMMR-V2N1-2009-8.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijmmre:v:2:y:2009:i:1:p:113-133