Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pamela L. Cox
Author-Name: Raihan H. Khan
Author-Name: Kimberly A. Armani
Title: REPATRIATE ADJUSTMENT AND TURNOVER: THE ROLE OF EXPECTATIONS AN PERCEPTIONS
Abstract: International placements, particularly of executives, have increased with the globalization of business. Although many global organizations have established procedures to help their employees adjust to their stays abroad, and some have established practices to provide support for returning employees, repatriate turnover continues to be a challenge for organizations. Organizations lose the skills and knowledge that repatriates gain through their foreign assignments when repatriated employees leave their jobs. With the substantial costs of training and salary for each employee sent abroad, repatriate turnover also represents a significant financial burden. This paper reviews current repatriate adjustment and turnover literature and presents a model incorporating the findings of recent research. The proposed model suggests repatriate adjustment and turnover intentions are related to the following key factors: employee expectations upon repatriation, employee perceptions of organizational repatriation support practices, and employee perceptions of the appropriateness of both job content upon return and the availability of external career opportunities based on the employee’s new found expertise. Recommendations for future research are outlined as well as suggestions for improving organizational repatriation support practices.
Classification-JEL: M12, M16
Keywords: International Management, Repatriation, Turnover, International Human Resource Management, Reverse Culture Shock, Re-entry Culture Shock
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 1-15
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-1.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:1-15

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linus Wilson 
Title: VALUING TARP PREFERRED STOCK
Abstract: This is the only paper to provide a valuation framework for untraded Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) preferred stock. Up to $8.1 billion of bailout preferred stock, which is currently paying dividends, could be auctioned to investors. The first auction was held in March 2012. This paper provides a framework to estimate future dividend skipping rates and the rating of unrated and untraded preferred stock issues. It provides a valuation model for non-distressed issues. The model in the paper accurately predicted that the auction of MainSource Financial Group (MSFG) would raise about $53 million.
Classification-JEL: G01, G21, G28
Keywords: Auctions, Bailout, Banks, Capital Purchase Program, Dividends, Hybrid Securities, Preferred Stock, Private Placements, Ratings, TARP, Troubled Asset Relief Program, Valuation
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 17-22
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-2.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:17-22

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Norma Aguilar-Morales
Author-Name: María del Carmen Sandoval-Caraveo
Author-Name: Edith Georgina Surdez-Pérez
Author-Name: Sulma Guadalupe Gómez-Jiménez
Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS OF SMALL BUSINESS IN TABASCO, MEXICO
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify personal features from small businesses of commercial and service activity company entrepreneurs, as well as the factors related to how they have directed their companies and factors that have allowed them to remain in the market. The study takes place in the city of Villahermosa Tabasco, Mexico. A semi-structured interview was used as a tool to gather information. A detailed analysis of the interview results was carried out to detect the entrepreneurial characteristics of managers who. The work presents a theoretical framework, which defines manager concepts and features required to identify business opportunities and lead the company to the achievement of goals. The results identify the personal features of entrepreneurs found in commercial and services small businesses as well as the style entrepreneurs use to lead their company.
Classification-JEL: L26
Keywords: Small Business, Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurial, Leadership
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 23-36
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-3.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:23-36

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Géczy
Author-Name: Noriaki Izumi
Author-Name: Kôiti Hasida
Title: HYBRID CLOUD MANAGEMENT: FOUNDATIONS AND STRATEGIES
Abstract: Adoption of cloud-based systems has been relatively modest—regardless of significant marketing push by major public cloud providers. The cloud-based model utilizes distributed information technology services accessible over networks. The networks can be internal part of organizations’ infrastructure—intranets, or external, such as internet or mobile networks. Utilization of internal networks and services is preferred by organizations—private clouds. External networks and services provided by public cloud providers pose significant risks. The major risks associated with public clouds are security, control and accessibility. In public clouds, valuable organizational data can be compromised and damaged by external entities. Organizations utilizing public clouds lose control over their critical data and services, while external entities gain control. Furthermore, external networks are inherently insecure, monitored and substantially less reliable than organizational intranets. Despite numerous disadvantages of public clouds, there is a potential in combining private and public cloud systems—hybrid clouds. Hybrid clouds present unique challenges and possibilities. We explore pertinent aspects of hybrid clouds and introduce suitable strategies for their effective management. Such actionable knowledge is essential for managers of information technologies.
Classification-JEL: M15, O14, O32, O33, L86, K12, K23, K42
Keywords: Hybrid Clouds, Cloud Hybridization, Cloud Management, Cloud Computing, Cloudbased Services, Information Technology Management, Actionable Knowledge
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 37-50
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-4.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:37-50

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Narendra Ramgulam
Author-Name: Koshina Raghunandan-Mohammed
Author-Name: Moolchand Raghunandan
Title: ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: AN ASSESSMENT OF TRINIDAD’S BUSINESS TOURISM MARKET
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide an understanding of business tourism and its contribution to environmental sustainability. This paper discusses the concept of business tourism and captures the environmental impact of this niche market. It examines the viability of business tourism as it relates to environmental sustainability in Trinidad and makes recommendations, which includes policy propositions for the future. Additionally, an examination of New Zealand’s environmental strategies are presented to determine whether Trinidad can espouse these and embrace environmental sustainability in its business tourism industry. From this qualitative study utilizing a thematic analysis, it was determined, that business tourism was environmentally sustainable and should be pursued as a micro sector for diversifying the Trinidad and Tobago economy. The findings also revealed that there are potential benefits when countries actively pursue business tourism that is in harmony with environmentally friendly practices. It also embraces the notion of sustainability as a way forward and proposes an environmentally friendly happiness valuation model for the way forward.
Classification-JEL: M31
Keywords: Business Tourism; MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events);
Environmental; Sustainability; Happiness; Trinidad; Sustainable Tourism Development Model
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 51-61
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-5.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:51-61

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amer Qasim
Author-Name: Ayman E. Haddad
Author-Name: Naser M. AbuGhazaleh
Title: GOODWILL ACCOUNTING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL
FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS
Abstract: The accounting treatment of goodwill has been the source of much debate and controversy amongst standard setters and financial report preparers in UK and many other countries. There have been great difficulties in the definition, measurement and subsequent accounting treatment for goodwill. Despite this, goodwill is a significant asset in many companies, whose existence and value are maintained by considerable annual expenditure. Accounting for goodwill changed in the UK in 2005 through the combined effects of the new International Accounting Standards, IFRS 3, Business Combinations, and IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. This paper critically examines, based on the accounting literature and professional standards, the change in accounting treatment for goodwill pursuant to international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) by reference to the UK accounting standards. It critically discusses and compares the former UK and new IFRS policies for goodwill accounting demonstrating the advantages of and arguments against the impairment-only approach to goodwill. It also highlights the sources of managerial discretion in testing goodwill for impairment and provides concluding remarks. Further studies are needed to examine the long-term effects of the impairment only approach to determine whether managers’ opportunistic choices or their incentives to convey their privately held information drive the recognition of goodwill impairments. The paper has implications for financial report prepares and users in highlighting conceptual issues of relevance that will arise in the application of the impairment-only approach to goodwill. It also provides a thorough review of the literature published on the accounting treatment for goodwill in the UK and provides avenues for future research.
Classification-JEL: M41
Keywords: Goodwill Accounting, Impairment, International Accounting Standards, United Kingdom
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 63-78
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-6.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:63-78

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William P. Dukes 
Title: RETIREMENT PLANNING: NEW FACULTY ORIENTATION
Abstract: Most Colleges/Universities require all full-time employs to be a member of a Retirement System, whether the choice is defined benefit or defined contribution. When the distinction is made clear, probably 85 to 90 percent of employees select the defined contribution approach over the more strict requirements of the defined benefit approach. The term used at Wendell University is Optional Retirement Program (ORP) that requires each employee to contribute 6.65 percent of the salary while Wendell University contributes 6.0 percent. This 12.65 percent of the employee’s salary is sent to the employee’s choice of a Carrier for investment. At the request of the Dean of the College of Business of Wendell University, Jack Pettyjohn, an investment advisor of Lovell & Co., makes a presentation every year as part of the new faculty orientation. Jack has a license to sell securities along with a license to provide investment advice. He has a preference for investment advice rather than selling securities. Consequently he receives calls frequently to make presentations to Corporations sponsoring 401(k) plans to their employees. Wendell University’s retirement plan is a 403(b), which is similar to the corporate 401(k) plan. Jack enjoys making presentations to University Faculty more than to the attendees of the corporate 401(k) plans. Jack considers Wendell’s Provost a friend, having had finance classes with the Provost when he was a faculty member in the College of Business. The Provost is also a contact man when other departments or Colleges at Wendell request similar presentations. At each presentation Jack believes that he was being challenged. He did not want to be considered to be a salesman with so many teachers looking forward to his presentation. He knew the audience was expecting tangible and useful data on retirement plans. The case is appropriate for all academic units that have retirement plans sponsored by the State or private schools. In addition however, the case would be appropriate for all businesses or organizations that sponsor retirement programs for their employees. Time to prepare for the presentation would be no more than three hours and for another hour for discussion.
Classification-JEL: G110
Keywords: Retirement Plan; Mutual Fund: Expenses; and Performance.
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 79-93
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-7.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:79-93

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Syaiful Anwar
Author-Name: Diah Hari Suryaningrum
Title: A BAUDRILLARIAN VIEW OF ACCOUNTING GOODWILL
Abstract: This paper emanates from the understanding of hyperreality reality, and on the other hand based on the Baudrillarian postmodernist perspective. Thus, we aim to understand hyperreality and reality in accounting from the perspective of Baudrillarian pospodernism. A thesis by Macintosh indicated that today’s financial markets operate detached from reality in hyperreality, and there does not exist anything stable to support the financial economy in the order of simulacrum. Consequently, vital accounting information no longer refers to real references, which mean that we live in a world of free-floating signs. In the simulation era of today’s world, accounting, just like all other areas of knowledge, faces a crisis of representation. Goodwill is a hidden value that accounting standards define as the value of future economic benefit (internal goodwill) and the difference between fair value and book value of the firm (business combination). This paper concludes that accounting goodwill represents the order of simulacrum (era of simulacra). These orders of accounting for goodwill are as follows: first, era of proprietary; second, era of political economy; third, era of globalization; and finally, the virtual era. It is also suggested that understanding goodwill is important to determine whether information of goodwill has value relevance for decision-making.
Classification-JEL: M41
Keywords: Baudrillarian Postmodernism, Hyperreality, Era of Simulacra, Accounting Goodwill
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 95-105
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-8.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:95-105

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dennis Sibanda
Author-Name: Job Dubihlela
Title: FACTORS THAT IMPEDE VIABLE BOND MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN ONE HYPERINFLATIONARY ECONOMY
Abstract: This study offers an assessment of the viability of the fixed income securities market for one hyperinflationary economy since 1997 when its financial market took a volatile shape. The financial sector (banks) continues to grapple in trying to address inflationary pressures, while long term lending for capital development (bond market) including the secondary market is struggling to take off the ground. The combined effects of short-term interest rate volatility, political instability and hyperinflation in the Zimbabwean economy led to great uncertainty in its securities market and consequently, to unstable bond market. Data were collected through secondary sources and additionally, surveys were carried out; shows that inflation is the main factor contributing to the uncontrollable volatility of short term interest rates. The subsequent effect of inflationary pressures increased uncertainty in pricing of long term securities such as bonds. Empirical findings, expert advice, facts and opinions were used, with recommendations on what needs to be done to salvage the securities market in Zimbabwe, and to create a viable and stable fixed income market (imperative for capital investment and infrastructure development).
Classification-JEL: E6
Keywords: Rules versus Discretion, Stabilization, Treasury, Bond market, Hyper-inflation, Financial Markets, Market volatility, Interest rates, Zimbabwe
Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies
Pages: 107-118
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v4n1-2013/RBFS-V4N1-2013-9.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:107-118