Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Veronica Irine Herdjiono Author-Name: Maemunah Soeharto Author-Name: Fitri Ismiyanti Author-Name: Made Narsa Title: INVESTOR’S ORDER AGGRESSIVENESS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF REGRET Abstract: This study examines the influence of regret experience and anticipation regret in deciding order aggressiveness when investors buy and sell. This study is an experimental research design with a mix between and within subjects (Experienced Regret-due to act versus Experienced Regret-due to not act) X (Anticipated Regret versus No anticipated regret). This study involved 40 undergraduate students. The results showed that experienced regret and anticipated regret impact order aggressiveness. Investors respond to the experience of regret and anticipation of the same emotions by showing risk averse behavior (low aggressiveness) and risk seeking behavior (high aggressiveness) when selling and buying. Classification-JEL: G110 Keywords: Aggressiveness, Anticipated, Experienced, Order, Regret Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 1-10 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-1.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William E. Bealing, Jr Author-Name: Edward Pitingolo Title: A CHINESE KANDI RECIPE: ONE PART SUSTAINABILITY AND ONE PART ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT Abstract: The call for environmentally sustainable business practices is growing in momentum. As supplies of fossil fuels decline, damages from environmental disasters mount and radical climatic effects appear, the logical result is that organizations operate in a more eco-friendly fashion. This paper examines the efforts of one Chinese automobile company, Kandi Technologies Group, Inc., to deal with the level of air pollution in China. Kandi and various end users may be in the process of transforming the way consumers think about and use automobiles. The Kandi Model is one where customers no longer own, but rather lease or share electric vehicles. Implications for the number of privately owned vehicles, air quality, and urban congestion are provided. Classification-JEL: M41, M48, M49 Keywords: Sustainability, Car Sharing, Electric Vehicle (EV), Kandi Technologies, Grid Stabilization Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 11-20 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-2.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:11-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Efiong Akwaowo Author-Name: Andree Swanson Title: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: EVIDENCE FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES Abstract: During the past two decades, advances toward a truly global economy were driven by the role of Multinational Enterprises (MNE). The progress of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has raised many controversies in the ways these foreign investors conduct their businesses in developing countries. More attention has been given to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in developing countries. Despite such attention, Africa is less represented than any other continent. MNEs, which embark on FDI, are faced with an important decision on how to enhance CSR to reduce poverty in their host countries. The authors reviewed extant literature exploring FDI, CSR and how FDI contributed to the reduction of poverty in the African developing countries of Nigeria, Ghana, and Cameroon. Classification-JEL: Z00 Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Corporate Social Responsibility, Poverty Alleviation, African Developing Countrie Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 21-33 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-3.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:21-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel H. Boylan Title: THE ROLE OF FINANCE IN QUALITY PRINCIPLES Abstract: Creating a financial advantage is important in today’s competitive business world. When looking at critical reasons for success, a great deal can be learned by the role finance plays in a quality movement. Each quality movement has priorities. Financial management’s importance varies by program. In some quality movement’s, financial management is very important and dictates to the group financial objectives. While other programs see financial management less important using a focus on quality or end users. Of key interest, is finding out the proper financial focus. The 50 articles reviewed for this study are a subset of research completed by Aboelmaged (2010) whose review of over 417 journal articles resulted in eight definitions for Six Sigma. An ingredient absent from each definition was finance. This resulted in a need to understand the role finance plays within the design and application of the Six Sigma program. The research found that applying a balanced approach to financial measurements is integral to the success and longevity of the Six Sigma program. Classification-JEL: M110, D210 Keywords: Six Sigma, Financial Impact, Process Costing, Innovation Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 35-40 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-4.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:35-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorothy A. McMullen Author-Name: Maria H. Sanchez Author-Name: Margaret O’Reilly-Allen Title: TARGET SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF HOW HACKERS HIT THE JACKPOT AT THE EXPENSE OF CUSTOMERS Abstract: For most people, the word cybercrime invokes getting individuals’ personal information through Internet hacking. For this reason, many people are wary about making online purchases, concerned about the security of their personal data and the rise in identity theft. However, the recent breach of security at Target, when customers made in store holiday purchases, indicates the pervasiveness of this terrible crime. In late December 2013, Target announced that hackers, through point of sale terminals in stores, had successfully stolen data for up to 40 million credit and debit cardholders. Target later revised the estimate to 110 million cardholders, citing that the breach included encrypted pin information as well as purchases made more than a decade ago. This case allows students to analyze the Target security breach and propose ways that the attack could have been prevented or at least detected more quickly by Target management, internal and external auditors. This case is suitable for an undergraduate class or a graduate business class. Classification-JEL: M40, M42 Keywords: Cybercrime, Target, Fraud, Security Breach Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 41-50 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-5.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:41-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benedict E. DeDominicis Title: SOUTH STREAM: EUROPEAN NATION STATE BUILDING IN THE PUTIN AND POST-PUTIN ERA Abstract: Bulgarian nationalism as a political force for state political reform faces formidable challenges due to the Bulgarian state’s dependent development under Communism. Nationalist communism was a comparatively effective component of the legitimation strategy for the Communist regime. In neighboring Serbia, the Titoist regime suppressed ethnic nationalism. As the largest nationalist challenge to the Communist Yugoslav state, the Serb national community was partitioned. One-third of ethnic Serbs were placed outside of the Serb republic, and Kosovo and Vojvodina were officially subunits of Serbia but were Yugoslav federal constituent republics in all but name. Russian exploitation of opportunities for influence expansion in Serbia and Bulgaria exist but differ, reflecting this conflicting legacy of Communism in both states. Serb rejection of Communism included advocacy of Serb irredentism, which the post-Soviet/Russian nationalist regime under Vladimir Putin seeks to exploit. Bulgarian nationalist Communism associated itself closely with the USSR until the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev and his reforms in the USSR in the mid-1980s. Bulgarian militant nationalism lacks societal consensus on the basic principles that constitute it. NATO-Russian competition for influence implies European Union deepening and widening occurs in opposition to postSoviet Russian state influence. Europeanization implies reducing Russian bargaining leverage within the Bulgarian polity. Classification-JEL: F5, K4, P3, Y8 Keywords: Bulgaria, European Union, Russia, Serbia, South Stream Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 51-70 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-6.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:51-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isaac Boadi Title: THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN BANK ENTRY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC-OWNED BANKS IN GHANA: A COMMENT Abstract: The study comments on Acheampong’s (2013) and finds that selective exclusion unit of analysis, estimation techniques errors and its justification cast a doubt on the results. This inaccurately represents the relationship between foreign bank entry and financial performance of domestic-owned banks in Ghana. Our overall evidence challenges Acheampong’s methodology claim that foreign bank entry on the financial performance of Merchant Bank Ghana Limited (MBG) and Ghana Commercial Bank Limited (GCB) in Ghana from 1975 to 2008. Classification-JEL: G1, G2 Keywords: Foreign Bank Entry, Domestic-Owned Banks, Pooled Regression Analysis, Return on Assets Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 71-74 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-7.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:71-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kathleen M. Wilburn Author-Name: H. Ralph Wilburn Title: THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATED REPORTING FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Abstract: The recent scandal of Volkswagen AG has demonstrated one of the weaknesses of Corporate Social Responsibility–how much people can trust CSR reporting. At a time when CSR is moving from voluntary initiative to a required component for businesses in many countries, sustainability and the environmental standards of Environmental/Social/Governmental CSR have gained importance because there are existing regulations, especially in the emissions area. However, this focus has meant that CSR reporting can lack strategic focus and neglect profit reporting. This paper will briefly describe the ethical and stakeholder theories that underlie CSR, the importance of CSR and the consumer response to CSR based on the current Cone, LLC consumer research on CSR. It will then describe the current reporting organizations and the current CSR focus of different companies and the value of adopting integrative reporting. As the number of organizations that act as third-party assessors and that announce awards for being social responsible grows, the fact that there is an Integrated model on the horizon may be the solution to standardizing what is meant by being socially responsible and ensuring that the consumers’ belief in the importance of CSR is translated into performance in reporting. Classification-JEL: M14 Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Consumer Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility, Global Reporting Initiative, Integrative Reporting, Stakeholder Theor Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 75-89 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-8.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:75-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet L. Walsh Title: AN INTRODUCTION TO LINKING THEOR Abstract: Characteristics of winning organizations in the 21st century include fast, friendly, focused, and flexible customer-centered infrastructure (Kotze, 2002). For global organizations to be successful, a supportive infrastructure is critical (Kotze, 2002; Theodore, 2014; Tyson, 1998). Popular organizational theories do not address the need for a supportive infrastructure to link business strategy with operational tactics and as such, face significant problems in overcoming the challenges of competing in the rapidly changing, global environment (Gürel, 2014; Kotze, 2002; Theodore, 2014; Tyson, 1998). By linking strategy, operational infrastructures (lean or balanced scorecard), communication activities, and human resources practices, businesses can increase their ability to improve customer satisfaction and financial performance. Linking theory states to maximize organizational effectiveness in the 21st century global corporations should align their business strategy to organizational infrastructure using human resources and tools to increase customer satisfaction and business performance. Linking theory focuses on strategy, structure, and customer satisfaction and as such, is applicable to all types of global businesses. Since customer satisfaction is the focus of the strategy and structure, employees and managers efforts center on the customer’s definition of satisfaction. Strong technology and communication platforms facilitate internal and external communications providing additional links between strategy and human resources. Classification-JEL: M16 Keywords: International Business Management, Customer Satisfaction, Financial Performance,Human Resource Management, Communication, Technology Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 91-100 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-9.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:91-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kreshnik Vukatana Author-Name: Kozeta Sevrani Author-Name: Elira Hoxha Title: ANTI-COUNTERFEITING TECHNOLOGIES IN ALBANIAN FOOD INDUSTRY Abstract: European Parliament has taken several actions related to the authenticity of food, including the establishment of laws and standards. Albania, as a country that aspires to join the European Union, has implemented the legal framework to meet these standards. However, there is a lack of traceability in systems that will help food companies and the government fulfill these requirements. This paper shows a prototype where food authenticity is an integral part of a traceability system. The objective is to provide a combination of Quick Response (QR) coding with anti-counterfeiting technology. This is accomplished using encryption algorithms over mobile platforms. The prototype implementation in this way implies easy data access of for business operators, government authorities as well as the ultimate customer. Classification-JEL: M15, L66 Keywords: Brand Protection, Safe Food, Traceability Systems, Encrypted 2D Barcodes, Pedigree Process Journal: Review of Business and Finance Studies Pages: 101-106 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v7n2-2016/RBFS-V7N2-2016-10.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:rbfstu:v:7:y:2016:i:2:p:101-106