Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-name: Martha Rios Manriquez Title: EREADINESS ANALYSIS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, ANALISIS DE LA PREPARACION TECNOLOGICA EN LAS PYMES Abstract: We analyze variables influencing ereadiness in small and medium Enterprise located in Celaya, Mexico. We used two approaches from the literature and a model proposed by Molla & Licker (2006) related to perceived organizational ereadiness inside organizations (POER) and perceived enviromental ereadiness (PEER). POER is integrated by six dimensions: information technology recognition, human resources, business resources, Information Technology management, and commitment. PEER has three dimensions: market forces, government ereadiness, and ereadiness support institutions. Results show that most SMEs recognize Information Technology as an essential tool to improve competitiveness and are aware of the importance of IT adoption to improve their internal processes and relationship with clients and suppliers. Respondents agree that information automatization degree, systems flexibility and information technology trends are essential for business. They also show low confidence in security, ecommerce transactions and in workers ability to use information technology. Classification-JEL: M15, M19, O33 Keywords: Technological Preparation, Communication and Information Technologies, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Journal: Revista Internacional Administraction and Finanzas Pages: 1-19 Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/riafin/riaf-v7n7-2014/RIAF-V7N7-2014-1.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:riafin:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:1-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-name: Melchor David Elizondo Sandoval Author-name: Maria del Carmen Armenteros Acosta Author-name: Victor Manuel Molina Morejon Title: MANAGEMENT COMPETITIONS FOR SMEs: DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION IN THE SERVICE SECTOR IN SALTILLO COAHUILA, COMPETENCIAS DIRECTIVAS PARA PYME: UNA EVALUACION DIAGNOSTICA EN EL SECTOR SERVICIOS EN SALTILLO COAHUILA Abstract: Profile model management competitions allows more effective administration and management of talent that impact the organizational and managerial performance. The objective of this work is to evaluate diagnostic management competitions in SMEs in the Services sector, in Saltillo, Coahuila. The research methodology was exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. Estimating the size of the sample was obtained from a stratified probability sampling, with a confidence level of 95%. Some 300 surveys were applied to partners, managers and supervisors. For the analysis we used the classification of management competitions Consult Psycho model AC "Wheel of competences" (2001). Cronbach Alfha assessed the reliability and validity of the research instrument with a score of 0.80. As a result management competitions with more development are The Conflict Management, People Development, and Planning. Meanwhile, Teamwork, Motivation, and Following are the weakest. Administrative managerial competence is the least strong and specifically the redaction competition was the most developed and the weakest was Data Presentation. This work provides a basis for design and implementation of a competence model policy for SMEs in the service sector that reduces the death rate and stability of economic and financial performance. Classification-JEL: M10 Keywords: Management Competitions, Business Performance, SME Services Journal: Revista Internacional Administraction and Finanzas Pages: 21-38 Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/riafin/riaf-v7n7-2014/RIAF-V7N7-2014-2.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:riafin:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:21-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-name: Jorge A. Restrepo M Author-name: Santiago Medina H Title: OPERATIONAL RISK ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY ON ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY, ESTIMACION DEL RIESGO OPERATIVO BAJO AMBIENTE DE INCERTIDUMBRE: ESTUDIO DE CASO Abstract: This paper presents a methodological approach to economic loss quantification in the textile-clothing industry caused by volatility of the following macroeconomic variables: Representative Market Rate (TRM), Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI). Probability distributions and stochastic processes identified for TRM, CPI and PPI risk factors are included in foreign and local sales revenue, foreign and domestic purchases of raw materials, and fixed and variable production costs. These items determine the OR and are affected directly by macroeconomic factors. Then, using Monte Carlo simulation, we quantify the effects of volatility of each factor on the OR to gather useful information for risk mitigation. The methodology is based on companies in the textile and clothing industry, grouped under Colombia ISIC 181 code. The methodology is carried out through a VaR-type indicator by projecting the OR index for the periods 2011 and 2012. In preparing the forecast, we used information available in the Annual Manufacturing Survey (AMS) for the period 2000 to 2010, and later build an industry financial model for 2011 and 2012. We point out the AMS has a two-year publication lag, and to date, we have partial information from 2011, which is not sufficient for the modeling of such period. Classification-JEL: G17, E47, G32 Keywords: Earnings at Risk –EaR-, Value at Risk –VaR-, Volatility, SMEs, Operative Risk Journal: Revista Internacional Administraction and Finanzas Pages: 39-54 Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/riafin/riaf-v7n7-2014/RIAF-V7N7-2014-3.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:riafin:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:39-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-name: Manuel Munoz Palma Author-name: Ezequiel Aviles Ochoa Title: ADDITION OF THE FUZZY LOGIC MODEL TO BLACK-SCHOLES, FOR PRICING MEXICAN CURRENCY OPTIONS, LA INCORPORACION DE LA LOGICA DIFUSA AL MODELO BLACK-SCHOLES, PARA LA DETERMINACION DEL PRECIO DE LA OPCION CAMBIARIA MEXICANA Abstract: Since the introduction of uncertainty theory, a new paradigm in economics and finance has formed. This shift has included incorporation of new models that allow a greater degree of accuracy in modeling the reality of the environment of organizations based on fuzzy logic theory. This article emphasizes the importance of uncertainty present in the financial markets, which has provoked an increasing need for establishing models to determine its effect in pricing. Specifically we focus on futures and derivatives markets. A proposal is developed to determine the price of an exchange option applying triangular fuzzy numbers to exchange rate variables, to domestic interest rates, and foreign interest rates based on the classic Black-Scholes (B-S) model. Classification-JEL: G13, G15 Keywords: Financial Risk, Fuzzy Numbers, Black-Scholes Model Journal: Revista Internacional Administraction and Finanzas Pages: 55-73 Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/riafin/riaf-v7n7-2014/RIAF-V7N7-2014-4.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:riafin:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:55-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-name: Sergio Ochoa Jimenez Author-name: Carlos Armando Jacobo Hernandez Author-name: Beatriz Alicia Leyva Osuna Author-name: Jose Carlos Lopez Figueroa Title: STRATEGY, PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY OF THE MEXICAN MANUFACTURING SMEs, ESTRATEGIA, DESEMPENO E IDENTIDAD ORGANIZACIONAL DE LAS PYMES MANUFACTURERAS MEXICANAS Abstract: Today SME´s are recognized as profitable and job generators. They contribute to the economy and some reach international markets. Although to succeed and to support themselves on the market, theorganizations must consider three key areas: strategy, organization identity and their own performance. This paper focuses on these three aspects in Mexican manufacturing SME´s. We used the Vezina interview and questionnaire (2011). The results state that individualistic identity prevails in these organizations. This implies they are more concerned about themselves and their own benefit than the people or community. In that sense, to satisfy their own needs and market demands, their strategy is prospective because they are risky and promote their own changes. They look to keep the leadership in markets. All of this is reflected in performance, employees and customers retained, but mostly in sales records. Classification-JEL: L10, L25, L60, M10 Keywords: Strategy, Performance, Identity, SMEs, Manufacturing Journal: Revista Internacional Administraction and Finanzas Pages: 75-90 Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/riafin/riaf-v7n7-2014/RIAF-V7N7-2014-5.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:riafin:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:75-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-name: Maria Virginia Flores-Ortiz Author-name: Alfonso Vega-Lopez Title: KEY FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE SUCCESSION PROCESS IN FAMILY BUSINESSES IN THE TEXTILE SECTOR IN TIJUANA, B.C., MEXICO, FACTORES CLAVES QUE INFLUYEN EN EL PROCESO DE SUCESION EN LAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES DEL SECTOR TEXTIL EN TIJUANA, B.C., MÉXICO Abstract: This research relates to family textile businesses in Tijuana, BC, Mexico in 2012. Family businesses constitute an important framework due to the large number of establishments in Mexico. It is important to address key factors influencing the succession process, as it must take into consideration when designing a succession plan. The aim of this study is to determine key factors that influence the succession process in the family textile businesses, where such factors as are discussed: systemic competitiveness, intergroup conflicts, attitudes of owners and organizational environment. This research will help improve the performance of family textile businesses and provide a scheme of key factors that influence the succession process in the textile sector. Classification-JEL: L21, L22, L67 Keywords: Family Businesses, Succession Process, Textile Sector Journal: Revista Internacional Administraction and Finanzas Pages: 91-110 Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/riafin/riaf-v7n7-2014/RIAF-V7N7-2014-6.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:riafin:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:91-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-name: Isaac Leobardo Sanchez Juarez Author-name: Rosa Maria Garcia Almada Title: PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT AND PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN NORTHERN BORDER OF MEXICO, PRODUCCION, EMPLEO E INVERSION PUBLICA EN LA FRONTERA NORTE DE MEXICO Abstract: This paper focuses on the behavior of output per person and employment in Mexico's northern border. We compare growth of the region with respect to national averages, this for the purpose of diagnosis and subsequent design of public policy. The basic assumption is that public investment has a favorable impact on the growth of output and employment. We used a panel data model that evaluates the specified variables and includes foreign direct investment, gross formation of fixed capital formation and education. The results do not confirm our hypothesis. We found a negative relationship between public investment, production and employment, which can be explained by the effects of crowding-out that government spending has on private investment. Classification-JEL: H54, R11, O40 Keywords: Mexico, Northern Border, Production, Employment, Public Investment Journal: Revista Internacional Administraction and Finanzas Pages: 111-126 Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/riafin/riaf-v7n7-2014/RIAF-V7N7-2014-7.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:riafin:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:111-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-name: Rosa Maria Velazquez-Sanchez Author-name: Jesus Gomez-Velazquez Author-name: Laura Irene Gaytan Bohorquez Author-name: Adriana Flamenco Hernandez Author-name: Carlos Abdiel Núnez Contreras Title: ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS OF ECOTOURISM IN MEXICO, INDICADORES ECONOMICOS, AMBIENTALES Y SUSTENTABILIDAD DEL ECOTURISMO EN MEXICO Abstract: In this research dimensions of sustainable development were examined from the perspective of commonality in ecotourism services and activities of 35 indigenous communities in Mexico. The research included local development as an economic dimension, community sustainability as a social dimension and the environmental dimension. Based on local development indicators proposed by Bañuelos Flores & Salido Araiza (2007), environmental indicators proposed by the Ministry of Tourism of Mexico (Tourism Secretary, 2013) and indicators of community sustainability developed by Velazquez-Sanchez, Gomez- Velazquez, & Solana Vasquez, (2013), a questionnaire of 118 items was designed and applied to inhabitants-participants from indigenous ecotourism projects in 13 states of Mexico. The results showed five categories of local development, two categories of environmental and four categories of community sustainability. From the community perspective in indigenous ecotourism, the results showed a positive relationship between the three dimensions of sustainable development. This study proposes an alternative methodology for the analysis of ecotourism and sustainable development. Classification-JEL: L83, O13, F18, A13 Keywords: Sustainable Development, Ecotourism, Community Sustainability, Local Development Environment Journal: Revista Internacional Administraction and Finanzas Pages: 127-136 Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 File-URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/riafin/riaf-v7n7-2014/RIAF-V7N7-2014-8.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibf:riafin:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:127-136